变电站典型故障智能研判的实践与探索

变电站集中监控后,监控员对故障信息的筛和选提取以及分析判断汇报只能完全依赖于经验和业务水平,致使监控员的故障处置效率降低。针对这一现状,嘉兴地调利用电网故障类型和监控信息的归纳性,结合电网设备配置原则、设备操作轨迹和继电保护安全自动装置整定原则,对变电站典型故障智能研判进行实践与探索,建立了《变电站集中监控设备典型告警信息规则库》,协助监控员快速筛选提取重要有效信息,并分析判断汇报设备故障异常,实现了变电站典型故障初步智能研判,并以线路单一故障为切入点,开发了在线诊断和告警软件,故障信息的筛选提取以及分析判断工作都将由软件自动完成,实现了变电站线路单一故障的智能研判,大大提升了监控员的事故应急处置效率。     

广西巴马小型猪CTGF基因真核表达载体构建 及其相关生物信息学分析

[目的]构建广西巴马小型猪结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)基因真核表达载体并鉴定其活性,为深入研究CT-GF在癌症发生中的作用及其分子机制提供参考,也为构建CTGF转基因广西巴马小型猪及研发基于CTGF的癌症基因治疗策略提供理论依据.[方法]利用RT-PCR从广西巴马小型猪肝脏组织中克隆CTGF基因,并将CTGF基因亚克隆到pDsRed-N1载体上,然后通过脂质体转染小鼠Hep3B细胞,转染48 h后于荧光显微镜下观察细胞是否表达红色荧光蛋白,同时利用在线生物信息学软件对其理化性质进行分析.[结果]成功克隆获得广西巴马小型猪CTGF基因编码区(CDS)序列,序列全长1050 bp,共编码349个氨基酸,与NCBI上已公布普通猪参考序列的同源性为99.5%,有5处碱基突变,且均为同义突变.将广西巴马小型猪CTGF基因亚克隆到pDsRed-N1载体上成功构建了阅读框架正确的广西巴马小型猪CTGF基因真核表达载体,转染小鼠Hep3B细胞48 h后有红色荧光蛋白表达.广西巴马小型猪CTGF蛋白具有较强的亲水性,其二级结构中α-螺旋、β-折叠、延伸链和无规则卷曲各占13.18%、5.73%、17.48%和63.61%.[结论]广西巴马小型猪CTGF基因在进化过程中的保守性非常稳定,通过构建的真核表达载体能转染小鼠Hep3B细胞并成功表达,可用于生产转基因广西巴马小型猪及研发与CTGF基因有关的疾病模型.     

9YYB12型青饲料打捆缠膜一体机落料回送总成的设计

为了满足9YYB12型青饲料打捆缠膜一体机的设计要求,解决传统打捆缠膜过程中未成捆物料散落造成的浪费问题,设计了一种融合料捆输送、包膜驱动及落料回送功能于一体的落料回送总成。简述了9YYB型青饲料打捆缠膜一体机的结构原理和设计思路,利用三维软件Solid Works对底盘进行了参数化建模,重点完成了对落料回送总成的设计、计算和建模分析。最后,完成了对落料回送总成的试验验证,为后续打捆缠膜一体机底盘和整机的优化设计奠定了基础。     

圆盘式开沟机抛土性能的研究

近年来,新疆的果园开沟装备较过去人工开沟得到了跨越式发展,一个完备的技术体系正在逐步建立,但受功耗高、效率低、回流多等因素制约,果园开沟装备在稳定性方面仍存在许多不足,严重影响开沟性能。为此,有必要对适用于新疆矮、密种植模式的果园圆盘式开沟技术进行一个系统总结与分析,为后续开沟的技术装备研发指明方向。为此,分析了国内外旋耕机对抛撒轨迹的研究现状,总结了目前已有的正转旋耕模型和反转旋耕模型两种旋耕模型研究现状,分析了基于MatLab、Simulink、高速摄像机、高速数字图像采集和图像处理等技术对盘式开沟机开沟刀具运动、土块单元运动情况,并探究了影响圆盘式开沟机抛洒轨迹的的主要因素,展望了未来果园圆盘式开沟技术装备发展方向。     

精氨酸激酶过敏原的研究进展

精氨酸激酶是一类具有重要功能的酶,在生命体的能量代谢中起着较大的作用,其广 泛存在于多种昆虫和高等生物中。近年来,随着对精氨酸激酶研究的不断深入,发现其在多种 可食用生物中的食物过敏作用。本文介绍了精氨酸激酶的性质、重组表达和鉴定以及不同方法 对其过敏原性的影响等。     

Soil nitrogen balance and nitrogen utilization of winter wheat affected by straw management and nitrogen application in the Yangtze river basin of China

Straw incorporation is a useful management practice in sustainable agricultural systems to improve soil fertility and to reduce air pollution from straw burning. A three-year field experiment was conducted under two rice straw managements and four nitrogen (N) application rates in Rugao, China during 2010–2013, to examine whether straw management practices integrated with fertilizer N applications affect crop yield, N balance and N use efficiency in the wheat season of rice-wheat cropping systems. The results showed that straw incorporation had positive effects on plant N uptake and grain yield. This may be attributed to the greater soil water content and lower amount of seasonal rainfall. However, straw incorporation resulted in lower soil inorganic N and more N surplus at the early growth stage. Grain yield had a significant relation with wheat N uptake from sowing to jointing and from jointing to anthesis with straw incorporation. Therefore, our results suggest that in adjusting the ratio of basal and topdressing N fertilizer, it is important for the supply of optimum N to the crop and to maintain grain production with straw incorporation.     

模拟氮沉降下施石灰对休耕红壤优势植物根际土壤微生物群落的影响

氮沉降引起红壤酸化加剧和土壤生态系统功能退化。采用休耕植物自然演替恢复土壤生物多样性和生态系统功能;同时,针对氮沉降造成的土壤酸化,通过施石灰来调控土壤pH,以期加速土壤生态恢复进程。土壤微生物群落结构的改变能够指示土壤恢复措施的影响。为探究氮沉降背景下,石灰施用措施对休耕红壤生态功能的恢复效果,以高强度农作休耕地上最初出现的优势植物狗尾草(Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv)根际为研究对象,研究模拟氮沉降(0kg·hm~(–2)、45kg·hm~(–2)和90kg·hm~(–2))下施石灰(0 kg·hm~(–2)和110 kg·hm~(–2))对根际土壤微生物群落的影响。结果表明,模拟氮沉降降低了各类群微生物磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)量、革兰氏阴/阳性细菌比及香农多样性指数。在没有额外施氮的处理中,施石灰降低了各类群微生物PLFA量。而氮和石灰交互作用下,各类群微生物PLFA量均随氮沉降量增加而增加。结构方程模型显示,石灰对微生物群落的影响最为强烈;模拟氮沉降和施石灰通过综合影响土壤pH、养分有效性及植物—微生物养分竞争而改变微生物群落结构和多样性。总之,模拟氮沉降下施用石灰措施能够改善休耕红壤生境,降低因氮沉降造成的酸化对根际微生物群落的危害,加速土壤生态系统恢复。     

Possibility of using a SPAD chlorophyll meter to establish a normalized threshold index of nitrogen status in different potato cultivars

Leaf SPAD values are thought to be an indicator of potato nitrogen (N) status; however, when making plant N diagnosis, no single threshold leaf SPAD value can be used for all potato cultivars because of cultivar variation. We conducted field experiments over 3?years to test whether the difference in SPAD values between the upper and lower leaves was consistent among potato cultivars, and whether this value responded to N application levels. The results showed cultivar affects the SPAD values of the fourth and eighth leaves (SPAD_L4 and SPAD_L8), but not SPAD_L4-8, the difference between SPAD_L4 and SPAD_L8. Moreover, the SPAD_L4-8 values responded well to N application levels. Therefore the SPAD_L4-8 could be applied as a general index of N status across different potato cultivars, and establishing a threshold SPAD_L4-8 value might be more useful in guiding N fertilization recommendations for different potato cultivars.     

Evaluation and scenario simulation for forest ecological security in China

Continuously growing populations and rapid economic development have led to the excessive use of forest resources,and the forest ecosystem is threatened.In response,forest ecological security(FES)has attracted attention.In this study,an integrated dynamic simulation model was constructed using the system dynamic method,and it was used to evaluate the FES in China from 1999 to 2014.A scenario analysis was then used to evaluate the changes in the FES under five forestry policy scenarios for the 2015–2050 period,including the baseline,afforestation policy,harvesting policies,management policy,investment policy,and a policy mix.The results showed that the evaluation values of the FES increased during the period from 1999 to 2002,the period from 2004 to 2010 and the year 2014,and they decreased in 2003 and during the period from 2011 to 2013.During the 2015–2050 simulation period,the FES improved continuously.In particular,China would enter a new stage when the economic systems,social systems and ecosystems were in harmony after 2040.To improve the FES and the current status of the FES,a scenario analysis showed the most suitable scenario to be Scenario 5 from 2015 to 2020 and Scenario 2 from 2021 to 2050.To relieve pressure,the most suitable scenario would be Scenario 5 from 2015 to 2040 and from 2046 to 2050,and the most suitable scenario would be Scenario 4 for 2041–2045.A policy mix(Scenario 5)would be most efficient under current conditions,while the effects of all the benefits of the forestry policies would weaken over the long term.The integrated method can be regarded as a decision support tool to help policy makers understand FES and promulgate a reasonable forestry policy.     

长治地区金叶复叶槭硬枝扦插育苗试验

试验在长治地区进行,以金叶复叶槭为试材进行硬枝扦插育苗试验,结果表明,采用沙壤土扦插和地膜覆盖均可明显提高扦插成活率、扦插苗高度及地径生长量。